Under what condition may a defendant be prosecuted for multiple crimes stemming from the same conduct?

The foundational principle governing whether a defendant can be prosecuted for multiple crimes arising from the same conduct is based on the concept of separate criminal conduct. This principle is tied to the legal doctrine of "multiple charges" and involves considering whether the crimes constitute separate offenses.

The correct choice reflects that a defendant can be prosecuted for multiple crimes stemming from the same conduct if the crimes are independent and do not relate to the initial charge. This means that the individual can face multiple charges if each charge represents a distinct crime that does not overlap with the others in terms of legal definition, elements, or underlying facts. This allows for a comprehensive legal response to the breadth of criminal behavior exhibited.

In contrast, the other options suggest conditions that might limit prosecution based on specifics like victim relationships or the inclusion of one crime within another, which generally pertain to notions of lesser-included offenses or the same transaction rule. These conditions don't inherently support the broader premise that multiple prosecutions may occur from the same conduct if they are deemed unrelated, thus emphasizing the independence of each charge in the view of the law.